Function and meaning
Kraters were used for missaggio wine with ciotola at a symposium (verso drinking festa for upper class men). Since ancient Greeks only drank wine diluted with ciotola, kraters were crucial preciso the symposium, and were attrezzi up in the middle of the room where partygoers drank. The interior of the Francois Vase has scratches which may have been made by a utensil mixage the wine, but it is unclear whether the vase was used at symposia mediante Greece, in Etruria (Italy), or mediante both places. It may have been used at lavish parties durante Athens, or sopra per funerary banquet honoring the deceased durante Etruria before it was buried as per molesto offering.
Wealthy, educated individuals attending banquets in either place would have recognized the scenes shown on the vase, and might have used them as conciliabule starters. Other vessels used at symposia sopra the Archaic period were also commonly painted with mythological scenes and could have served verso similar purpose, but the sheer number of scenes on the Francois Vase may have made it particularly intriguing onesto the banqueters who used it. They may have even understood the images onesto be relevant esatto their own lives. While the pictures had different meanings for different viewers, the scenes of drinking on the Francois Vase mirror the circumstances durante which it was actually used. Moreover, many of the scenes on the vessel represent ideal aristocratic activities that the drinkers likely participated mediante, including noble marriage, successful hunts, and military confiance.
Most Greek men spent some of their lives serving their cities at war, defeating enemies much like the heroes painted on this vase. Like Peleus, Greek men were expected esatto marry and raise their children preciso be productive citizens. It seems that Kleitias and Ergotimos purposefully designed the decoration to appeal to the prosperous owners of the vase, who could recognize and relate onesto the stories it told.
Postscript
On September 9, 1900 verso museum guard, sopra verso fit of rage, threw a chair at the case containing the Francois Vase, shattering it into 638 pieces. The museum director, Luigi Milani asked Pietro Zei esatto undertake the conservation of the Francois Vase. Conservation took two years.
Jasper Gaunt, Ergotimos Epoiesen: The Potter’s Contribution onesto the Francois Vase,” per The Francois Vase: New Perspectives, ancora. H. Alan Shapiro, Mario Iozzo, and Adrienne Lezzi-Hafter (Zurich: Akanthus, 2013), p. 81
Mario Iozzo, “The Francois Vase: Libretto on Technical Aspects and Functions,” per The Francois Vase: New Perspectives, ancora. H. Alan Shapiro, Mario Iozzo, and Adrienne Lezzi-Hafter, (Zurich: Akanthus, 2013), p. 61
Cornelia Isler-Kerenyi, “Der Francois-Krater zwischen Athen und Chiusi,” con Athenian Potters and Painters: The Conference Proceedings, di nuovo. John H. Oakley, William D. E. Coulson, and Olga Palagia, (Oxford: Oxbow, 1997), p. 523–539
Guy Hedreen, “Bild, Mythos, and Ritual: Choral Dance con https://datingranking.net/it/wing-review/ Theseus’s Cretan Adventure on the Francois Vase,” Hesperia, vol. 80, mai. 3 (2011), p. 491–510.
Cornelia Isler-Kerenyi, “Der Francois-Krater zwischen Athen und Chiusi,” per Athenian Potters and Painters: The Conference Proceedings, ed. John H. Oakley, William D. Anche. Coulson, and Olga Palagia, (Oxford: Oxbow, 1997), p. 523–539.
Detail with wedding procession with Hera and her husband Zeus sopra verso chariot (left), Urania the muse of astronomy, and Kaliope, muse of epic poetry (center)
Durante accessit esatto these narrative scenes, another register at the bottom of the vase shows animals fighting. These images may relate onesto the ferocity of the heroes shown on the vase, who are described metaphorically as predatory animals by Homer. A comic scene of pygmies (per tribe of small people con Greek mythology) battling cranes decorates the foot of the vase, providing a light counterpoint sicuro the rest of the imagery. The paint on the foot is reddish durante color instead of black because the vase was misfired con the kiln, as sometimes happened durante ancient Greek ceramic production.